ACL Reconstruction & Other Ligament Injuries

Ligament injuries in the knee can cause pain, swelling, and instability. When ligaments are torn and do not heal properly, reconstruction surgery may be needed to restore stability and protect the joint from further damage. The most common procedure is ACL reconstruction, but other ligaments such as the PCL, MCL, and posterolateral corner may also require surgery depending on the injury.

ACL Reconstruction

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured in sports that involve twisting, sudden stops, or changes of direction. A torn ACL often causes instability and loss of confidence in the knee. Reconstruction surgery is usually recommended for active people, especially those wanting to return to sports such as football, skiing, rugby, or netball.

• The ligament is rebuilt using a graft, usually from the hamstring or patella tendon.
• Surgery is performed through keyhole techniques, followed by structured physiotherapy.
• The aim is to restore strength, stability, and allow safe return to sport.

PCL Reconstruction

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is less commonly injured, but when torn it can lead to difficulty with walking, running, and climbing stairs.

• Reconstruction involves replacing the torn PCL with a graft.
• It is usually recommended when the knee remains unstable despite non-surgical treatment
• The goal is to restore normal knee mechanics

MCL Reconstruction

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is found on the inner side of the knee and is often injured in contact sports. Many MCL injuries heal with bracing and physiotherapy, but severe or chronic tears may need surgery.

• Reconstruction uses a graft to reinforce or replace the damaged ligament.
• It is often performed in combination with other ligament procedures if multiple structures are injured.
• The aim is to restore stability, particularly when twisting or pivoting.

Posterolateral Corner (PLC) Reconstruction

The posterolateral corner is a group of ligaments and tendons at the back and outer side of the knee. Injury to this area is rare but can cause severe instability and difficulty walking.

• PLC reconstruction is a complex procedure often performed alongside ACL or PCL surgery.
• It involves reconstructing several structures using grafts to restore stability.
• Surgery aims to protect the knee from giving way and prevent long-term cartilage damage.

Recovery & Rehabilitation

After ligament reconstruction, recovery involves a tailored physiotherapy programme. Most patients use crutches for a short period and begin rehab immediately to regain motion. Return to sport varies depending on the ligament reconstructed, but typically ranges from 6–9 months.